The edition · Neurology
Most dizzy strokes here had no nystagmus
In an MRI-confirmed emergency cohort, more than half of strokes presenting with vertigo or imbalance showed no spontaneous nystagmus, so HINTS never applied. Plus tenecteplase in posterior circulation stroke, what amyloid clearance with aducanumab meant clinically, and the case for caution in testing cognitively normal people for Alzheimer pathology.
The edition in brief
Acute imbalance syndrome: in 75 emergency patients with MRI-proven stroke causing vertigo, dizziness or imbalance, 58.7% had no spontaneous nystagmus and presented with postural or gait imbalance, against 38.7% with the classic acute vestibular syndrome. Imbalance-type strokes clustered in the anterior cerebellum and deep nuclei; nystagmus-type strokes in the posterior cerebellum and flocculonodular lobe. Bedside algorithms built on nystagmus would not apply to the larger group. Tenecteplase in posterior circulation stroke: five studies and 997 patients showed no difference from alteplase in functional independence (RR 1.10, 0.89–1.37), symptomatic haemorrhage or mortality, with a possible gain in ambulatory outcome (mRS 0–3, RR 1.29) and pre-thrombectomy reperfusion. Aducanumab: an exploratory analysis of phase 3 participants found those whose amyloid cleared by week 78 declined less to week 134 and after a treatment gap, with about two-thirds declining by under one point a year on the CDR Sum of Boxes. Preclinical Alzheimer's: a Lancet Neurology review sets out the ethical, accuracy and system questions raised by biomarker testing in cognitively unimpaired people while prevention trials of anti-amyloid therapy are still running.
Tenecteplase matched alteplase in posterior circulation stroke, with a possible functional edge
Tenecteplase is a reasonable thrombolytic for posterior circulation stroke; do not expect a proven functional advantage over alteplase.
Aducanumab: patients whose amyloid cleared declined less, in an exploratory analysis
Treat amyloid clearance as a plausible but unproven marker of benefit when deciding whether to stop anti-amyloid therapy.
Biomarker testing in cognitively normal people: the questions before any prevention therapy
Keep Alzheimer biomarker testing for symptomatic patients in a structured assessment, not for cognitively normal people.
HINTS only works when there is spontaneous nystagmus
Apply HINTS only in patients with spontaneous nystagmus, and test gait in every acutely dizzy patient.
More than half of dizzy strokes presented with imbalance and no spontaneous nystagmus
Examine gait and posture in every acutely dizzy patient; absent nystagmus does not rule out stroke.
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