Tai chi and Baduanjin improved balance scores in older adults

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis of 31 RCTs

Population

3,622 older adults

Primary outcome

Fall-risk test scores and Berg Balance Scale

Effect

Fall-risk SMD -0.56 (-0.84 to -0.28); Berg +2.60 (1.47-3.72)

A meta-analysis in Medicine (16 October 2026) pooled 31 randomised trials with 3,622 older adults testing traditional mind-body exercise.

Fall-risk test scores improved (SMD -0.56, 95% CI -0.84 to -0.28) and Berg Balance Scale scores rose by 2.6 points (1.47-3.72). Baduanjin and tai chi both improved fall-risk scores, and Wuqinxi improved balance. Typical protocols ran two to four sessions a week for 8-12 weeks. Heterogeneity was very high and certainty low.

The outcomes are balance tests, not falls. Tai chi already has trial evidence for reducing falls from earlier work; this adds that related forms may help balance. For patients who will not join conventional strength and balance classes, a culturally familiar alternative may be easier to sustain.

• Offer tai chi or similar mind-body exercise as an option for balance training
• Aim for at least two sessions a week for three months
• Keep progressive strength and balance training as the core falls-prevention exercise
• Choose the form a patient will keep doing

Why it matters

Acceptable exercise that people continue may matter more than the theoretically best programme.

Don't overread it

Surrogate balance outcomes only - this does not show fewer falls.

The statistics, in plain English

An SMD of -0.56 is a moderate improvement on fall-risk tests. The Berg Balance gain of 2.6 points is small relative to the 56-point scale. An I² of 96% for Berg scores means the trials disagreed widely.

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