- Design
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials
- Population
- 3622 older adults in 31 trials
- Primary outcome
- Fall-risk test scores and Berg Balance Scale
- Effect
- Fall-risk SMD −0.56 (95% CI −0.84 to −0.28); Berg +2.6 (1.47 to 3.72)
This meta-analysis pooled 31 randomised trials (3622 older adults) of traditional mind-body exercise, mainly tai chi, Baduanjin and Wuqinxi, against control groups.
The exercises lowered fall-risk test scores (SMD −0.56, 95% CI −0.84 to −0.28) and raised Berg Balance Scale scores by 2.6 points (1.47 to 3.72), though heterogeneity for balance was very high (I² = 96%). Typical programmes ran two to four times a week for 8 to 12 weeks, in sessions of 40 to 60 minutes.
These are low-cost group activities that need no equipment, and they are culturally familiar in many communities. But the outcomes are test scores, not falls, and the authors grade the evidence as low certainty. Balance and strength exercise programmes remain the best-supported way to reduce falls, and mind-body exercise is a reasonable option within them for people who enjoy it.
- Consider tai chi or similar mind-body exercise for older adults who want a group balance activity.
- Recommend at least two sessions a week for 8 to 12 weeks, as in the trials.
- Combine with a multifactorial falls assessment for those at high risk of falling.
- Do not present these exercises as proven to reduce falls; the evidence is on balance scores.
Why it matters
Older adults often stick with exercise they enjoy, and these are cheap and widely practised.
Don't overread it
Better scores on balance tests do not establish fewer actual falls.
The statistics, in plain English
A standardised mean difference of −0.56 is a moderate effect on fall-risk test scores. The Berg Balance gain of 2.6 points is modest on a 56-point scale. Very high heterogeneity means trials varied widely, so the pooled average may not reflect any single programme.
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